feat(ecs): ECS 网络状态同步系统 | add ECS network state synchronization (#390)

## @esengine/ecs-framework

新增 @sync 装饰器和二进制编解码器，支持基于 Component 的网络状态同步：

- `sync` 装饰器标记需要同步的字段
- `ChangeTracker` 组件变更追踪
- 二进制编解码器 (BinaryWriter/BinaryReader)
- `encodeSnapshot`/`decodeSnapshot` 批量编解码
- `encodeSpawn`/`decodeSpawn` 实体生成编解码
- `encodeDespawn`/`processDespawn` 实体销毁编解码

将以下方法标记为 @internal，用户应通过 Core.update() 驱动更新：
- Scene.update()
- SceneManager.update()
- WorldManager.updateAll()

## @esengine/network

- 新增 ComponentSyncSystem 基于 @sync 自动同步组件状态
- 将 ecs-framework 从 devDependencies 移到 peerDependencies

## @esengine/server

新增 ECSRoom，带有 ECS World 支持的房间基类：

- 每个 ECSRoom 在 Core.worldManager 中创建独立的 World
- Core.update() 统一更新 Time 和所有 World
- onTick() 只处理状态同步逻辑
- 自动创建/销毁玩家实体
- 增量状态广播

packages/framework/core/tests/ECS/Sync/ChangeTracker.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+import { ChangeTracker } from '../../../src/ECS/Sync/ChangeTracker';
+
+describe('ChangeTracker - 变更追踪器测试', () => {
+    let tracker: ChangeTracker;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+        tracker = new ChangeTracker();
+    });
+
+    describe('基本功能', () => {
+        test('初始状态应该没有变更', () => {
+            expect(tracker.hasChanges()).toBe(false);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyCount()).toBe(0);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyFields()).toEqual([]);
+        });
+
+        test('setDirty 应该标记字段为脏', () => {
+            tracker.setDirty(0);
+
+            expect(tracker.hasChanges()).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(0)).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyCount()).toBe(1);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyFields()).toEqual([0]);
+        });
+
+        test('多次 setDirty 同一字段应该只记录一次', () => {
+            tracker.setDirty(0);
+            tracker.setDirty(0);
+            tracker.setDirty(0);
+
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyCount()).toBe(1);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyFields()).toEqual([0]);
+        });
+
+        test('setDirty 不同字段应该都被记录', () => {
+            tracker.setDirty(0);
+            tracker.setDirty(1);
+            tracker.setDirty(2);
+
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyCount()).toBe(3);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyFields().sort()).toEqual([0, 1, 2]);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('isDirty 方法', () => {
+        test('未标记的字段应该返回 false', () => {
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(0)).toBe(false);
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(5)).toBe(false);
+        });
+
+        test('已标记的字段应该返回 true', () => {
+            tracker.setDirty(3);
+
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(3)).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(0)).toBe(false);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('clear 方法', () => {
+        test('clear 应该清除所有变更', () => {
+            tracker.setDirty(0);
+            tracker.setDirty(1);
+            tracker.setDirty(2);
+
+            expect(tracker.hasChanges()).toBe(true);
+
+            tracker.clear();
+
+            expect(tracker.hasChanges()).toBe(false);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyCount()).toBe(0);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyFields()).toEqual([]);
+        });
+
+        test('clear 应该更新 lastSyncTime', () => {
+            const before = tracker.lastSyncTime;
+            tracker.setDirty(0);
+            tracker.clear();
+
+            expect(tracker.lastSyncTime).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('clearField 方法', () => {
+        test('clearField 应该只清除指定字段', () => {
+            tracker.setDirty(0);
+            tracker.setDirty(1);
+            tracker.setDirty(2);
+
+            tracker.clearField(1);
+
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(0)).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(1)).toBe(false);
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(2)).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyCount()).toBe(2);
+        });
+
+        test('清除最后一个字段应该使 hasChanges 返回 false', () => {
+            tracker.setDirty(0);
+            expect(tracker.hasChanges()).toBe(true);
+
+            tracker.clearField(0);
+
+            expect(tracker.hasChanges()).toBe(false);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('markAllDirty 方法', () => {
+        test('markAllDirty 应该标记所有字段', () => {
+            tracker.markAllDirty(5);
+
+            expect(tracker.hasChanges()).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyCount()).toBe(5);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyFields().sort()).toEqual([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]);
+        });
+
+        test('markAllDirty(0) 应该没有变更', () => {
+            tracker.markAllDirty(0);
+
+            expect(tracker.hasChanges()).toBe(false);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyCount()).toBe(0);
+        });
+
+        test('markAllDirty 用于首次同步', () => {
+            tracker.markAllDirty(3);
+
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(0)).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(1)).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(2)).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(3)).toBe(false);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('reset 方法', () => {
+        test('reset 应该重置所有状态', () => {
+            tracker.setDirty(0);
+            tracker.setDirty(1);
+            tracker.clear();
+
+            tracker.reset();
+
+            expect(tracker.hasChanges()).toBe(false);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyCount()).toBe(0);
+            expect(tracker.lastSyncTime).toBe(0);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('边界情况', () => {
+        test('大量字段标记应该正常工作', () => {
+            const fieldCount = 1000;
+
+            for (let i = 0; i < fieldCount; i++) {
+                tracker.setDirty(i);
+            }
+
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyCount()).toBe(fieldCount);
+            expect(tracker.hasChanges()).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        test('交替设置和清除应该正常工作', () => {
+            tracker.setDirty(0);
+            tracker.setDirty(1);
+            tracker.clearField(0);
+            tracker.setDirty(2);
+            tracker.clearField(1);
+
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(0)).toBe(false);
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(1)).toBe(false);
+            expect(tracker.isDirty(2)).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker.getDirtyCount()).toBe(1);
+        });
+    });
+});

packages/framework/core/tests/ECS/Sync/decorators.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+import { Component } from '../../../src/ECS/Component';
+import { ECSComponent } from '../../../src/ECS/Decorators';
+import { Scene } from '../../../src/ECS/Scene';
+import {
+    sync,
+    getSyncMetadata,
+    hasSyncFields,
+    getChangeTracker,
+    initChangeTracker,
+    clearChanges,
+    hasChanges
+} from '../../../src/ECS/Sync/decorators';
+import { SYNC_METADATA, CHANGE_TRACKER } from '../../../src/ECS/Sync/types';
+
+@ECSComponent('SyncTest_PlayerComponent')
+class PlayerComponent extends Component {
+    @sync("string") name: string = "";
+    @sync("uint16") score: number = 0;
+    @sync("float32") x: number = 0;
+    @sync("float32") y: number = 0;
+
+    localData: string = "not synced";
+}
+
+@ECSComponent('SyncTest_SimpleComponent')
+class SimpleComponent extends Component {
+    @sync("boolean") active: boolean = true;
+    @sync("int32") value: number = 100;
+}
+
+@ECSComponent('SyncTest_NoSyncComponent')
+class NoSyncComponent extends Component {
+    localValue: number = 0;
+}
+
+@ECSComponent('SyncTest_AllTypesComponent')
+class AllTypesComponent extends Component {
+    @sync("boolean") boolField: boolean = false;
+    @sync("int8") int8Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("uint8") uint8Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("int16") int16Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("uint16") uint16Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("int32") int32Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("uint32") uint32Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("float32") float32Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("float64") float64Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("string") stringField: string = "";
+}
+
+describe('@sync 装饰器测试', () => {
+    describe('getSyncMetadata', () => {
+        test('应该返回带 @sync 字段的组件元数据', () => {
+            const metadata = getSyncMetadata(PlayerComponent);
+
+            expect(metadata).not.toBeNull();
+            expect(metadata!.typeId).toBe('PlayerComponent');
+            expect(metadata!.fields.length).toBe(4);
+        });
+
+        test('应该正确记录字段信息', () => {
+            const metadata = getSyncMetadata(PlayerComponent);
+
+            const nameField = metadata!.fields.find(f => f.name === 'name');
+            expect(nameField).toBeDefined();
+            expect(nameField!.type).toBe('string');
+            expect(nameField!.index).toBe(0);
+
+            const scoreField = metadata!.fields.find(f => f.name === 'score');
+            expect(scoreField).toBeDefined();
+            expect(scoreField!.type).toBe('uint16');
+
+            const xField = metadata!.fields.find(f => f.name === 'x');
+            expect(xField).toBeDefined();
+            expect(xField!.type).toBe('float32');
+        });
+
+        test('没有 @sync 字段的组件应该返回 null', () => {
+            const metadata = getSyncMetadata(NoSyncComponent);
+
+            expect(metadata).toBeNull();
+        });
+
+        test('可以从实例获取元数据', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+            const metadata = getSyncMetadata(component);
+
+            expect(metadata).not.toBeNull();
+            expect(metadata!.fields.length).toBe(4);
+        });
+
+        test('fieldIndexMap 应该正确映射字段名到索引', () => {
+            const metadata = getSyncMetadata(PlayerComponent);
+
+            expect(metadata!.fieldIndexMap.get('name')).toBe(0);
+            expect(metadata!.fieldIndexMap.get('score')).toBe(1);
+            expect(metadata!.fieldIndexMap.get('x')).toBe(2);
+            expect(metadata!.fieldIndexMap.get('y')).toBe(3);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('hasSyncFields', () => {
+        test('有 @sync 字段应该返回 true', () => {
+            expect(hasSyncFields(PlayerComponent)).toBe(true);
+            expect(hasSyncFields(new PlayerComponent())).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        test('没有 @sync 字段应该返回 false', () => {
+            expect(hasSyncFields(NoSyncComponent)).toBe(false);
+            expect(hasSyncFields(new NoSyncComponent())).toBe(false);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('支持所有同步类型', () => {
+        test('AllTypesComponent 应该有所有类型的字段', () => {
+            const metadata = getSyncMetadata(AllTypesComponent);
+
+            expect(metadata).not.toBeNull();
+            expect(metadata!.fields.length).toBe(10);
+
+            const types = metadata!.fields.map(f => f.type);
+            expect(types).toContain('boolean');
+            expect(types).toContain('int8');
+            expect(types).toContain('uint8');
+            expect(types).toContain('int16');
+            expect(types).toContain('uint16');
+            expect(types).toContain('int32');
+            expect(types).toContain('uint32');
+            expect(types).toContain('float32');
+            expect(types).toContain('float64');
+            expect(types).toContain('string');
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('字段值拦截', () => {
+        test('修改 @sync 字段应该触发变更追踪', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+
+            const tracker = getChangeTracker(component);
+            expect(tracker).not.toBeNull();
+            tracker!.clear();
+
+            component.name = "TestPlayer";
+
+            expect(tracker!.hasChanges()).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker!.isDirty(0)).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        test('设置相同值不应该触发变更', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+            component.name = "Test";
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+
+            const tracker = getChangeTracker(component);
+            tracker!.clear();
+
+            component.name = "Test";
+
+            expect(tracker!.hasChanges()).toBe(false);
+        });
+
+        test('修改非 @sync 字段不应该触发变更', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+
+            const tracker = getChangeTracker(component);
+            tracker!.clear();
+
+            component.localData = "new value";
+
+            expect(tracker!.hasChanges()).toBe(false);
+        });
+
+        test('多个字段变更应该都被追踪', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+
+            const tracker = getChangeTracker(component);
+            tracker!.clear();
+
+            component.name = "NewName";
+            component.score = 100;
+            component.x = 1.5;
+
+            expect(tracker!.getDirtyCount()).toBe(3);
+            expect(tracker!.isDirty(0)).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker!.isDirty(1)).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker!.isDirty(2)).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker!.isDirty(3)).toBe(false);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('initChangeTracker', () => {
+        test('应该创建变更追踪器', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+
+            expect(getChangeTracker(component)).toBeNull();
+
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+
+            expect(getChangeTracker(component)).not.toBeNull();
+        });
+
+        test('应该标记所有字段为脏（用于首次同步）', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+
+            const tracker = getChangeTracker(component);
+            expect(tracker!.hasChanges()).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker!.getDirtyCount()).toBe(4);
+        });
+
+        test('对没有 @sync 字段的组件应该抛出错误', () => {
+            const component = new NoSyncComponent();
+
+            expect(() => {
+                initChangeTracker(component);
+            }).toThrow();
+        });
+
+        test('重复初始化应该重新标记所有字段', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+
+            const tracker = getChangeTracker(component);
+            tracker!.clear();
+
+            expect(tracker!.hasChanges()).toBe(false);
+
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+
+            expect(tracker!.hasChanges()).toBe(true);
+            expect(tracker!.getDirtyCount()).toBe(4);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('clearChanges', () => {
+        test('应该清除所有变更标记', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+
+            expect(hasChanges(component)).toBe(true);
+
+            clearChanges(component);
+
+            expect(hasChanges(component)).toBe(false);
+        });
+
+        test('对没有追踪器的组件应该安全执行', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+
+            expect(() => {
+                clearChanges(component);
+            }).not.toThrow();
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('hasChanges', () => {
+        test('初始化后应该有变更', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+
+            expect(hasChanges(component)).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        test('清除后应该没有变更', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+            clearChanges(component);
+
+            expect(hasChanges(component)).toBe(false);
+        });
+
+        test('修改字段后应该有变更', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+            clearChanges(component);
+
+            component.score = 999;
+
+            expect(hasChanges(component)).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        test('没有追踪器应该返回 false', () => {
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+
+            expect(hasChanges(component)).toBe(false);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('与实体集成', () => {
+        let scene: Scene;
+
+        beforeEach(() => {
+            scene = new Scene();
+        });
+
+        test('添加到实体的组件应该能正常工作', () => {
+            const entity = scene.createEntity('TestEntity');
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+
+            entity.addComponent(component);
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+
+            component.name = "EntityPlayer";
+            component.x = 100;
+
+            const tracker = getChangeTracker(component);
+            expect(tracker!.hasChanges()).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        test('从实体获取的组件应该保持追踪状态', () => {
+            const entity = scene.createEntity('TestEntity');
+            const component = new PlayerComponent();
+
+            entity.addComponent(component);
+            initChangeTracker(component);
+            clearChanges(component);
+
+            const retrieved = entity.getComponent(PlayerComponent);
+            retrieved!.score = 50;
+
+            expect(hasChanges(component)).toBe(true);
+            expect(hasChanges(retrieved!)).toBe(true);
+        });
+    });
+});

packages/framework/core/tests/ECS/Sync/encoding.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+import { BinaryWriter } from '../../../src/ECS/Sync/encoding/BinaryWriter';
+import { BinaryReader } from '../../../src/ECS/Sync/encoding/BinaryReader';
+import { Component } from '../../../src/ECS/Component';
+import { ECSComponent } from '../../../src/ECS/Decorators';
+import { Scene } from '../../../src/ECS/Scene';
+import { sync, initChangeTracker, clearChanges } from '../../../src/ECS/Sync/decorators';
+import {
+    encodeSnapshot,
+    encodeSpawn,
+    encodeDespawn,
+    encodeDespawnBatch
+} from '../../../src/ECS/Sync/encoding/Encoder';
+import {
+    decodeSnapshot,
+    decodeSpawn,
+    processDespawn,
+    registerSyncComponent
+} from '../../../src/ECS/Sync/encoding/Decoder';
+import { SyncOperation } from '../../../src/ECS/Sync/types';
+
+@ECSComponent('EncodingTest_PlayerComponent')
+class PlayerComponent extends Component {
+    @sync("string") name: string = "";
+    @sync("uint16") score: number = 0;
+    @sync("float32") x: number = 0;
+    @sync("float32") y: number = 0;
+}
+
+@ECSComponent('EncodingTest_AllTypesComponent')
+class AllTypesComponent extends Component {
+    @sync("boolean") boolField: boolean = false;
+    @sync("int8") int8Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("uint8") uint8Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("int16") int16Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("uint16") uint16Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("int32") int32Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("uint32") uint32Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("float32") float32Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("float64") float64Field: number = 0;
+    @sync("string") stringField: string = "";
+}
+
+describe('BinaryWriter/BinaryReader - 二进制读写器测试', () => {
+    describe('基本数值类型', () => {
+        test('writeUint8/readUint8', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeUint8(0);
+            writer.writeUint8(127);
+            writer.writeUint8(255);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readUint8()).toBe(0);
+            expect(reader.readUint8()).toBe(127);
+            expect(reader.readUint8()).toBe(255);
+        });
+
+        test('writeInt8/readInt8', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeInt8(-128);
+            writer.writeInt8(0);
+            writer.writeInt8(127);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readInt8()).toBe(-128);
+            expect(reader.readInt8()).toBe(0);
+            expect(reader.readInt8()).toBe(127);
+        });
+
+        test('writeBoolean/readBoolean', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeBoolean(true);
+            writer.writeBoolean(false);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readBoolean()).toBe(true);
+            expect(reader.readBoolean()).toBe(false);
+        });
+
+        test('writeUint16/readUint16', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeUint16(0);
+            writer.writeUint16(32767);
+            writer.writeUint16(65535);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readUint16()).toBe(0);
+            expect(reader.readUint16()).toBe(32767);
+            expect(reader.readUint16()).toBe(65535);
+        });
+
+        test('writeInt16/readInt16', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeInt16(-32768);
+            writer.writeInt16(0);
+            writer.writeInt16(32767);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readInt16()).toBe(-32768);
+            expect(reader.readInt16()).toBe(0);
+            expect(reader.readInt16()).toBe(32767);
+        });
+
+        test('writeUint32/readUint32', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeUint32(0);
+            writer.writeUint32(2147483647);
+            writer.writeUint32(4294967295);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readUint32()).toBe(0);
+            expect(reader.readUint32()).toBe(2147483647);
+            expect(reader.readUint32()).toBe(4294967295);
+        });
+
+        test('writeInt32/readInt32', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeInt32(-2147483648);
+            writer.writeInt32(0);
+            writer.writeInt32(2147483647);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readInt32()).toBe(-2147483648);
+            expect(reader.readInt32()).toBe(0);
+            expect(reader.readInt32()).toBe(2147483647);
+        });
+
+        test('writeFloat32/readFloat32', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeFloat32(0);
+            writer.writeFloat32(3.14);
+            writer.writeFloat32(-100.5);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readFloat32()).toBe(0);
+            expect(reader.readFloat32()).toBeCloseTo(3.14, 5);
+            expect(reader.readFloat32()).toBeCloseTo(-100.5, 5);
+        });
+
+        test('writeFloat64/readFloat64', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeFloat64(0);
+            writer.writeFloat64(Math.PI);
+            writer.writeFloat64(-1e100);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readFloat64()).toBe(0);
+            expect(reader.readFloat64()).toBe(Math.PI);
+            expect(reader.readFloat64()).toBe(-1e100);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('变长整数 (Varint)', () => {
+        test('小值 (1字节)', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeVarint(0);
+            writer.writeVarint(127);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readVarint()).toBe(0);
+            expect(reader.readVarint()).toBe(127);
+        });
+
+        test('中等值 (2字节)', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeVarint(128);
+            writer.writeVarint(16383);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readVarint()).toBe(128);
+            expect(reader.readVarint()).toBe(16383);
+        });
+
+        test('大值 (多字节)', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeVarint(16384);
+            writer.writeVarint(1000000);
+            writer.writeVarint(2147483647);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readVarint()).toBe(16384);
+            expect(reader.readVarint()).toBe(1000000);
+            expect(reader.readVarint()).toBe(2147483647);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('字符串', () => {
+        test('空字符串', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeString("");
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readString()).toBe("");
+        });
+
+        test('ASCII 字符串', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeString("Hello, World!");
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readString()).toBe("Hello, World!");
+        });
+
+        test('Unicode 字符串', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeString("你好世界");
+            writer.writeString("日本語テスト");
+            writer.writeString("emoji: 🎮🎯");
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readString()).toBe("你好世界");
+            expect(reader.readString()).toBe("日本語テスト");
+            expect(reader.readString()).toBe("emoji: 🎮🎯");
+        });
+
+        test('混合字符串', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeString("Player_玩家_プレイヤー");
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.readString()).toBe("Player_玩家_プレイヤー");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('字节数组', () => {
+        test('writeBytes/readBytes', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            const data = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+            writer.writeBytes(data);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            const result = reader.readBytes(5);
+            expect(Array.from(result)).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('BinaryReader 辅助方法', () => {
+        test('remaining 应该返回剩余字节数', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeUint32(100);
+            writer.writeUint32(200);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.remaining).toBe(8);
+
+            reader.readUint32();
+            expect(reader.remaining).toBe(4);
+        });
+
+        test('hasMore 应该正确判断', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeUint8(1);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.hasMore()).toBe(true);
+
+            reader.readUint8();
+            expect(reader.hasMore()).toBe(false);
+        });
+
+        test('peekUint8 不应该移动读取位置', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeUint8(42);
+            writer.writeUint8(99);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            expect(reader.peekUint8()).toBe(42);
+            expect(reader.peekUint8()).toBe(42);
+            expect(reader.offset).toBe(0);
+        });
+
+        test('skip 应该跳过指定字节', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeUint8(1);
+            writer.writeUint8(2);
+            writer.writeUint8(3);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            reader.skip(2);
+            expect(reader.readUint8()).toBe(3);
+        });
+
+        test('读取超出范围应该抛出错误', () => {
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(new Uint8Array([1, 2]));
+
+            expect(() => reader.readUint32()).toThrow();
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('BinaryWriter 自动扩容', () => {
+        test('应该自动扩容', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter(4);
+
+            for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+                writer.writeUint32(i);
+            }
+
+            expect(writer.offset).toBe(400);
+
+            const reader = new BinaryReader(writer.toUint8Array());
+            for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+                expect(reader.readUint32()).toBe(i);
+            }
+        });
+
+        test('reset 应该清空数据但保留缓冲区', () => {
+            const writer = new BinaryWriter();
+            writer.writeUint32(100);
+            writer.writeUint32(200);
+
+            expect(writer.offset).toBe(8);
+
+            writer.reset();
+
+            expect(writer.offset).toBe(0);
+            expect(writer.toUint8Array().length).toBe(0);
+        });
+    });
+});
+
+describe('Encoder/Decoder - 实体编解码测试', () => {
+    let scene: Scene;
+
+    beforeAll(() => {
+        registerSyncComponent('PlayerComponent', PlayerComponent);
+        registerSyncComponent('AllTypesComponent', AllTypesComponent);
+    });
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+        scene = new Scene();
+    });
+
+    describe('encodeSnapshot/decodeSnapshot', () => {
+        test('应该编码和解码单个实体', () => {
+            const entity = scene.createEntity('Player1');
+            const comp = entity.addComponent(new PlayerComponent());
+            comp.name = "TestPlayer";
+            comp.score = 100;
+            comp.x = 10.5;
+            comp.y = 20.5;
+            initChangeTracker(comp);
+
+            const data = encodeSnapshot([entity], SyncOperation.FULL);
+
+            const targetScene = new Scene();
+            const result = decodeSnapshot(targetScene, data);
+
+            expect(result.operation).toBe(SyncOperation.FULL);
+            expect(result.entities.length).toBe(1);
+            expect(result.entities[0].isNew).toBe(true);
+
+            const decodedEntity = targetScene.entities.buffer[0];
+            expect(decodedEntity).toBeDefined();
+
+            const decodedComp = decodedEntity!.getComponent(PlayerComponent);
+            expect(decodedComp).not.toBeNull();
+            expect(decodedComp!.name).toBe("TestPlayer");
+            expect(decodedComp!.score).toBe(100);
+            expect(decodedComp!.x).toBeCloseTo(10.5, 5);
+            expect(decodedComp!.y).toBeCloseTo(20.5, 5);
+        });
+
+        test('应该编码和解码多个实体', () => {
+            const entity1 = scene.createEntity('Player1');
+            const comp1 = entity1.addComponent(new PlayerComponent());
+            comp1.name = "Player1";
+            comp1.score = 50;
+            initChangeTracker(comp1);
+
+            const entity2 = scene.createEntity('Player2');
+            const comp2 = entity2.addComponent(new PlayerComponent());
+            comp2.name = "Player2";
+            comp2.score = 100;
+            initChangeTracker(comp2);
+
+            const data = encodeSnapshot([entity1, entity2], SyncOperation.FULL);
+
+            const targetScene = new Scene();
+            const result = decodeSnapshot(targetScene, data);
+
+            expect(result.entities.length).toBe(2);
+        });
+
+        test('DELTA 操作应该只编码变更的字段', () => {
+            const entity = scene.createEntity('Player1');
+            const comp = entity.addComponent(new PlayerComponent());
+            comp.name = "TestPlayer";
+            comp.score = 0;
+            initChangeTracker(comp);
+            clearChanges(comp);
+
+            comp.score = 200;
+
+            const deltaData = encodeSnapshot([entity], SyncOperation.DELTA);
+
+            expect(deltaData[0]).toBe(SyncOperation.DELTA);
+            expect(deltaData.length).toBeLessThan(50);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('encodeSpawn/decodeSpawn', () => {
+        test('应该编码和解码实体生成', () => {
+            const entity = scene.createEntity('SpawnedEntity');
+            const comp = entity.addComponent(new PlayerComponent());
+            comp.name = "SpawnedPlayer";
+            comp.score = 50;
+            comp.x = 100;
+            comp.y = 200;
+            initChangeTracker(comp);
+
+            const data = encodeSpawn(entity, 'Player');
+
+            const targetScene = new Scene();
+            const result = decodeSpawn(targetScene, data);
+
+            expect(result).not.toBeNull();
+            expect(result!.prefabType).toBe('Player');
+            expect(result!.componentTypes).toContain('PlayerComponent');
+
+            const decodedComp = result!.entity.getComponent(PlayerComponent);
+            expect(decodedComp!.name).toBe("SpawnedPlayer");
+            expect(decodedComp!.score).toBe(50);
+        });
+
+        test('没有 prefabType 应该也能工作', () => {
+            const entity = scene.createEntity('Entity');
+            const comp = entity.addComponent(new PlayerComponent());
+            initChangeTracker(comp);
+
+            const data = encodeSpawn(entity);
+
+            const targetScene = new Scene();
+            const result = decodeSpawn(targetScene, data);
+
+            expect(result!.prefabType).toBe('');
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('encodeDespawn/processDespawn', () => {
+        test('应该编码和处理单个实体销毁', () => {
+            const targetScene = new Scene();
+            const entity = targetScene.createEntity('ToBeDestroyed');
+            const entityId = entity.id;
+
+            const data = encodeDespawn(entityId);
+
+            expect(data[0]).toBe(SyncOperation.DESPAWN);
+
+            const removedIds = processDespawn(targetScene, data);
+
+            expect(removedIds).toContain(entityId);
+        });
+
+        test('应该编码和处理批量实体销毁', () => {
+            const targetScene = new Scene();
+            const entity1 = targetScene.createEntity('Entity1');
+            const entity2 = targetScene.createEntity('Entity2');
+            const entity3 = targetScene.createEntity('Entity3');
+
+            const data = encodeDespawnBatch([entity1.id, entity2.id, entity3.id]);
+
+            expect(data[0]).toBe(SyncOperation.DESPAWN);
+
+            const removedIds = processDespawn(targetScene, data);
+
+            expect(removedIds.length).toBe(3);
+            expect(removedIds).toContain(entity1.id);
+            expect(removedIds).toContain(entity2.id);
+            expect(removedIds).toContain(entity3.id);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('所有同步类型编解码', () => {
+        beforeAll(() => {
+            registerSyncComponent('AllTypesComponent', AllTypesComponent);
+        });
+
+        test('应该正确编解码所有类型', () => {
+            const entity = scene.createEntity('AllTypes');
+            const comp = entity.addComponent(new AllTypesComponent());
+            comp.boolField = true;
+            comp.int8Field = -100;
+            comp.uint8Field = 200;
+            comp.int16Field = -30000;
+            comp.uint16Field = 60000;
+            comp.int32Field = -2000000000;
+            comp.uint32Field = 4000000000;
+            comp.float32Field = 3.14159;
+            comp.float64Field = Math.PI;
+            comp.stringField = "测试字符串";
+            initChangeTracker(comp);
+
+            const data = encodeSnapshot([entity], SyncOperation.FULL);
+
+            const targetScene = new Scene();
+            decodeSnapshot(targetScene, data);
+
+            const decodedEntity = targetScene.entities.buffer[0];
+            const decodedComp = decodedEntity!.getComponent(AllTypesComponent);
+
+            expect(decodedComp!.boolField).toBe(true);
+            expect(decodedComp!.int8Field).toBe(-100);
+            expect(decodedComp!.uint8Field).toBe(200);
+            expect(decodedComp!.int16Field).toBe(-30000);
+            expect(decodedComp!.uint16Field).toBe(60000);
+            expect(decodedComp!.int32Field).toBe(-2000000000);
+            expect(decodedComp!.uint32Field).toBe(4000000000);
+            expect(decodedComp!.float32Field).toBeCloseTo(3.14159, 4);
+            expect(decodedComp!.float64Field).toBe(Math.PI);
+            expect(decodedComp!.stringField).toBe("测试字符串");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe('边界情况', () => {
+        test('空实体列表应该能编码', () => {
+            const data = encodeSnapshot([], SyncOperation.FULL);
+
+            const targetScene = new Scene();
+            const result = decodeSnapshot(targetScene, data);
+
+            expect(result.entities.length).toBe(0);
+        });
+
+        test('entityMap 应该正确跟踪实体', () => {
+            const entity = scene.createEntity('Tracked');
+            const comp = entity.addComponent(new PlayerComponent());
+            comp.name = "TrackedPlayer";
+            initChangeTracker(comp);
+
+            const data = encodeSnapshot([entity], SyncOperation.FULL);
+
+            const targetScene = new Scene();
+            const entityMap = new Map();
+            decodeSnapshot(targetScene, data, entityMap);
+
+            expect(entityMap.size).toBe(1);
+        });
+    });
+});