595 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
595 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
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# 事件系统
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ECS 框架内置了强大的类型安全事件系统，支持同步/异步事件、优先级、批处理等高级功能。事件系统是实现组件间通信、系统间协作的核心机制。
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## 基本概念
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事件系统提供了发布-订阅模式的实现，包含以下核心概念：
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- **事件发布者**：发射事件的对象
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- **事件监听者**：监听并处理特定事件的对象
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- **事件类型**：字符串标识，用于区分不同类型的事件
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- **事件数据**：事件携带的相关信息
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## 事件系统架构
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框架提供了两层事件系统：
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1. **TypeSafeEventSystem** - 底层高性能事件系统
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2. **EventBus** - 上层增强事件总线，提供更多便利功能
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## 基本使用
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### 在场景中使用事件系统
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每个场景都有内置的事件系统：
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```typescript
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class GameScene extends Scene {
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protected initialize(): void {
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// 监听事件
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this.eventSystem.on('player_died', this.onPlayerDied.bind(this));
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this.eventSystem.on('enemy_spawned', this.onEnemySpawned.bind(this));
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this.eventSystem.on('score_changed', this.onScoreChanged.bind(this));
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}
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private onPlayerDied(data: { player: Entity, cause: string }): void {
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console.log(`玩家死亡，原因: ${data.cause}`);
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// 处理玩家死亡逻辑
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}
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private onEnemySpawned(data: { enemy: Entity, position: { x: number, y: number } }): void {
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console.log('敌人生成于:', data.position);
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// 处理敌人生成逻辑
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}
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private onScoreChanged(data: { newScore: number, oldScore: number }): void {
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console.log(`分数变化: ${data.oldScore} -> ${data.newScore}`);
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// 更新UI显示
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}
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// 在系统中发射事件
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someGameLogic(): void {
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// 发射同步事件
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this.eventSystem.emitSync('score_changed', {
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newScore: 1000,
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oldScore: 800
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});
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}
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}
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```
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### 在系统中使用事件
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系统可以方便地监听和发送事件：
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```typescript
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@ECSSystem('Combat')
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class CombatSystem extends EntitySystem {
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constructor() {
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super(Matcher.all(Health, Combat));
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}
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protected onInitialize(): void {
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// 使用系统提供的事件监听方法（自动清理）
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this.addEventListener('player_attack', this.onPlayerAttack.bind(this));
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this.addEventListener('enemy_death', this.onEnemyDeath.bind(this));
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}
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private onPlayerAttack(data: { damage: number, target: Entity }): void {
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// 处理玩家攻击事件
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const health = data.target.getComponent(Health);
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if (health) {
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health.current -= data.damage;
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if (health.current <= 0) {
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// 发送敌人死亡事件
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this.scene?.eventSystem.emitSync('enemy_death', {
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enemy: data.target,
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killer: 'player'
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});
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}
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}
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}
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private onEnemyDeath(data: { enemy: Entity, killer: string }): void {
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// 处理敌人死亡
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data.enemy.destroy();
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// 发送经验奖励事件
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this.scene?.eventSystem.emitSync('experience_gained', {
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amount: 100,
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source: 'enemy_kill'
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});
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}
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protected process(entities: readonly Entity[]): void {
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for (const entity of entities) {
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const combat = entity.getComponent(Combat);
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if (combat && combat.shouldAttack()) {
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// 发射攻击事件
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this.scene?.eventSystem.emitSync('player_attack', {
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damage: combat.damage,
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target: combat.target
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});
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## 高级功能
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### 一次性监听器
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```typescript
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class GameScene extends Scene {
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protected initialize(): void {
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// 只监听一次的事件
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this.eventSystem.once('game_start', this.onGameStart.bind(this));
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// 或者使用配置对象
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this.eventSystem.on('level_complete', this.onLevelComplete.bind(this), {
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once: true // 只执行一次
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});
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}
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private onGameStart(): void {
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console.log('游戏开始！');
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// 这个方法只会被调用一次
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}
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private onLevelComplete(): void {
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console.log('关卡完成！');
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// 这个方法也只会被调用一次
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}
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}
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```
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### 优先级控制
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```typescript
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class GameScene extends Scene {
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protected initialize(): void {
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// 高优先级监听器先执行
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this.eventSystem.on('damage_dealt', this.onDamageDealt.bind(this), {
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priority: 100 // 高优先级
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});
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// 普通优先级
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this.eventSystem.on('damage_dealt', this.updateUI.bind(this), {
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priority: 0 // 默认优先级
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});
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// 低优先级最后执行
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this.eventSystem.on('damage_dealt', this.logDamage.bind(this), {
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priority: -100 // 低优先级
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});
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}
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private onDamageDealt(data: any): void {
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// 最先执行 - 处理核心游戏逻辑
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}
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private updateUI(data: any): void {
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// 中等优先级 - 更新界面
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}
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private logDamage(data: any): void {
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// 最后执行 - 记录日志
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}
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}
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```
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### 异步事件处理
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```typescript
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class GameScene extends Scene {
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protected initialize(): void {
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// 监听异步事件
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this.eventSystem.onAsync('save_game', this.onSaveGame.bind(this));
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this.eventSystem.onAsync('load_data', this.onLoadData.bind(this));
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}
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private async onSaveGame(data: { saveSlot: number }): Promise<void> {
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console.log(`开始保存游戏到槽位 ${data.saveSlot}`);
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// 模拟异步保存操作
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await this.saveGameData(data.saveSlot);
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console.log('游戏保存完成');
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}
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private async onLoadData(data: { url: string }): Promise<void> {
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try {
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const response = await fetch(data.url);
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const gameData = await response.json();
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// 处理加载的数据
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} catch (error) {
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console.error('数据加载失败:', error);
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}
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}
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private async saveGameData(slot: number): Promise<void> {
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// 模拟保存操作
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return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
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}
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// 发射异步事件
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public async triggerSave(): Promise<void> {
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// 使用 emit 而不是 emitSync 来触发异步监听器
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await this.eventSystem.emit('save_game', { saveSlot: 1 });
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console.log('所有异步保存操作完成');
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}
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}
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```
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### 事件统计和调试
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```typescript
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class GameScene extends Scene {
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protected initialize(): void {
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this.eventSystem.on('debug_event', this.onDebugEvent.bind(this));
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}
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private onDebugEvent(): void {
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// 处理调试事件
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}
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public showEventStats(): void {
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// 获取特定事件的统计信息
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const stats = this.eventSystem.getStats('debug_event') as any;
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if (stats) {
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console.log('事件统计:');
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console.log(`- 事件类型: ${stats.eventType}`);
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console.log(`- 监听器数量: ${stats.listenerCount}`);
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console.log(`- 触发次数: ${stats.triggerCount}`);
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console.log(`- 平均执行时间: ${stats.averageExecutionTime.toFixed(2)}ms`);
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}
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// 获取所有事件统计
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const allStats = this.eventSystem.getStats() as Map<string, any>;
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console.log(`总共有 ${allStats.size} 种事件类型`);
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}
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public resetEventStats(): void {
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// 重置特定事件的统计
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this.eventSystem.resetStats('debug_event');
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// 或重置所有统计
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this.eventSystem.resetStats();
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}
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}
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```
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## 全局事件总线
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对于跨场景的事件通信，可以使用全局事件总线：
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```typescript
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import { GlobalEventBus } from '@esengine/ecs-framework';
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class GameManager {
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private eventBus = GlobalEventBus.getInstance();
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constructor() {
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this.setupGlobalEvents();
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}
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private setupGlobalEvents(): void {
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// 监听全局事件
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this.eventBus.on('player_level_up', this.onPlayerLevelUp.bind(this));
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this.eventBus.on('achievement_unlocked', this.onAchievementUnlocked.bind(this));
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this.eventBus.onAsync('upload_score', this.onUploadScore.bind(this));
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}
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private onPlayerLevelUp(data: { level: number, experience: number }): void {
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console.log(`玩家升级到 ${data.level} 级！`);
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// 处理全局升级逻辑
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}
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private onAchievementUnlocked(data: { achievementId: string, name: string }): void {
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console.log(`解锁成就: ${data.name}`);
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// 显示成就通知
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}
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private async onUploadScore(data: { score: number, playerName: string }): Promise<void> {
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// 异步上传分数到服务器
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try {
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await this.uploadToServer(data);
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console.log('分数上传成功');
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} catch (error) {
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console.error('分数上传失败:', error);
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}
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}
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public triggerGlobalEvent(): void {
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// 发射全局事件
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this.eventBus.emit('player_level_up', {
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level: 10,
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experience: 2500
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});
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}
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private async uploadToServer(data: any): Promise<void> {
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// 模拟服务器上传
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return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 2000));
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}
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}
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```
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## 事件装饰器
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使用装饰器自动注册事件监听器：
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```typescript
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import { EventHandler, AsyncEventHandler } from '@esengine/ecs-framework';
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class PlayerController {
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constructor() {
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// 自动调用事件监听器注册
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this.initEventListeners();
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}
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@EventHandler('player_input')
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private onPlayerInput(data: { action: string, value: number }): void {
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console.log(`玩家输入: ${data.action} = ${data.value}`);
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// 处理玩家输入
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}
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@EventHandler('player_attack', { priority: 100 })
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private onPlayerAttack(data: { damage: number, target: string }): void {
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console.log(`玩家攻击 ${data.target}，造成 ${data.damage} 伤害`);
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// 处理攻击逻辑
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}
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@AsyncEventHandler('save_progress')
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private async onSaveProgress(data: { checkpointId: string }): Promise<void> {
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console.log(`保存进度到检查点: ${data.checkpointId}`);
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// 异步保存进度
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await this.saveToCloud(data.checkpointId);
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}
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@EventHandler('game_over', { once: true })
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private onGameOver(): void {
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console.log('游戏结束！');
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// 这个方法只会被调用一次
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}
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private async saveToCloud(checkpointId: string): Promise<void> {
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// 模拟云端保存
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return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1500));
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}
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}
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```
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## 批处理事件
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对于高频事件，可以使用批处理来提升性能：
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```typescript
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class MovementSystem extends EntitySystem {
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protected onInitialize(): void {
|
||
|
|
// 设置位置更新事件的批处理
|
||
|
|
this.scene?.eventSystem.setBatchConfig('position_updated', {
|
||
|
|
batchSize: 50, // 批处理大小
|
||
|
|
delay: 16, // 延迟时间（毫秒）
|
||
|
|
enabled: true
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// 监听批处理事件
|
||
|
|
this.addEventListener('position_updated:batch', this.onPositionBatch.bind(this));
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private onPositionBatch(batchData: any): void {
|
||
|
|
console.log(`批处理位置更新，共 ${batchData.count} 个事件`);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// 批量处理所有位置更新
|
||
|
|
for (const event of batchData.events) {
|
||
|
|
this.updateMinimap(event.entityId, event.position);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
protected process(entities: readonly Entity[]): void {
|
||
|
|
for (const entity of entities) {
|
||
|
|
const position = entity.getComponent(Position);
|
||
|
|
if (position && position.hasChanged) {
|
||
|
|
// 发射高频位置更新事件（会被批处理）
|
||
|
|
this.scene?.eventSystem.emitSync('position_updated', {
|
||
|
|
entityId: entity.id,
|
||
|
|
position: { x: position.x, y: position.y }
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private updateMinimap(entityId: number, position: { x: number, y: number }): void {
|
||
|
|
// 更新小地图显示
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
public flushPositionUpdates(): void {
|
||
|
|
// 立即处理所有待处理的位置更新
|
||
|
|
this.scene?.eventSystem.flushBatch('position_updated');
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 预定义的 ECS 事件
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
框架提供了一些预定义的 ECS 生命周期事件：
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```typescript
|
||
|
|
import { ECSEventType } from '@esengine/ecs-framework';
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
class ECSMonitor {
|
||
|
|
private eventBus = GlobalEventBus.getInstance();
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
constructor() {
|
||
|
|
this.setupECSEvents();
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private setupECSEvents(): void {
|
||
|
|
// 监听实体生命周期事件
|
||
|
|
this.eventBus.onEntityCreated(this.onEntityCreated.bind(this));
|
||
|
|
this.eventBus.on(ECSEventType.ENTITY_DESTROYED, this.onEntityDestroyed.bind(this));
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// 监听组件生命周期事件
|
||
|
|
this.eventBus.onComponentAdded(this.onComponentAdded.bind(this));
|
||
|
|
this.eventBus.on(ECSEventType.COMPONENT_REMOVED, this.onComponentRemoved.bind(this));
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// 监听系统事件
|
||
|
|
this.eventBus.on(ECSEventType.SYSTEM_ADDED, this.onSystemAdded.bind(this));
|
||
|
|
this.eventBus.onSystemError(this.onSystemError.bind(this));
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// 监听性能警告
|
||
|
|
this.eventBus.onPerformanceWarning(this.onPerformanceWarning.bind(this));
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private onEntityCreated(data: any): void {
|
||
|
|
console.log(`实体创建: ${data.entityName} (ID: ${data.entity.id})`);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private onEntityDestroyed(data: any): void {
|
||
|
|
console.log(`实体销毁: ${data.entity.name} (ID: ${data.entity.id})`);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private onComponentAdded(data: any): void {
|
||
|
|
console.log(`组件添加: ${data.componentType} 到实体 ${data.entity.name}`);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private onComponentRemoved(data: any): void {
|
||
|
|
console.log(`组件移除: ${data.componentType} 从实体 ${data.entity.name}`);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private onSystemAdded(data: any): void {
|
||
|
|
console.log(`系统添加: ${data.systemName}`);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private onSystemError(data: any): void {
|
||
|
|
console.error(`系统错误: ${data.systemName}`, data.error);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private onPerformanceWarning(data: any): void {
|
||
|
|
console.warn(`性能警告: ${data.systemName} 执行时间过长 (${data.executionTime}ms)`);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## 最佳实践
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
### 1. 事件命名规范
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```typescript
|
||
|
|
// ✅ 好的事件命名
|
||
|
|
this.eventSystem.emitSync('player:health_changed', data);
|
||
|
|
this.eventSystem.emitSync('enemy:spawned', data);
|
||
|
|
this.eventSystem.emitSync('ui:score_updated', data);
|
||
|
|
this.eventSystem.emitSync('game:paused', data);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// ❌ 避免的事件命名
|
||
|
|
this.eventSystem.emitSync('event1', data);
|
||
|
|
this.eventSystem.emitSync('update', data);
|
||
|
|
this.eventSystem.emitSync('change', data);
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
### 2. 类型安全的事件数据
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```typescript
|
||
|
|
// 定义事件数据接口
|
||
|
|
interface PlayerHealthChangedEvent {
|
||
|
|
entityId: number;
|
||
|
|
oldHealth: number;
|
||
|
|
newHealth: number;
|
||
|
|
cause: 'damage' | 'healing';
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
interface EnemySpawnedEvent {
|
||
|
|
enemyType: string;
|
||
|
|
position: { x: number, y: number };
|
||
|
|
level: number;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// 使用类型安全的事件
|
||
|
|
class HealthSystem extends EntitySystem {
|
||
|
|
private onHealthChanged(data: PlayerHealthChangedEvent): void {
|
||
|
|
// TypeScript 会提供完整的类型检查
|
||
|
|
console.log(`生命值变化: ${data.oldHealth} -> ${data.newHealth}`);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
### 3. 避免事件循环
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```typescript
|
||
|
|
// ❌ 避免：可能导致无限循环
|
||
|
|
class BadEventHandler {
|
||
|
|
private onScoreChanged(data: any): void {
|
||
|
|
// 在处理分数变化时又触发分数变化事件
|
||
|
|
this.scene?.eventSystem.emitSync('score_changed', newData); // 危险！
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// ✅ 正确：使用不同的事件类型或条件判断
|
||
|
|
class GoodEventHandler {
|
||
|
|
private isProcessingScore = false;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private onScoreChanged(data: any): void {
|
||
|
|
if (this.isProcessingScore) return; // 防止循环
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
this.isProcessingScore = true;
|
||
|
|
// 处理分数变化
|
||
|
|
this.updateUI(data);
|
||
|
|
this.isProcessingScore = false;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
### 4. 及时清理事件监听器
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```typescript
|
||
|
|
class TemporaryUI {
|
||
|
|
private listenerId: string;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
constructor(scene: Scene) {
|
||
|
|
// 保存监听器ID用于后续清理
|
||
|
|
this.listenerId = scene.eventSystem.on('ui_update', this.onUpdate.bind(this));
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
private onUpdate(data: any): void {
|
||
|
|
// 处理UI更新
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
public destroy(): void {
|
||
|
|
// 清理事件监听器
|
||
|
|
if (this.listenerId) {
|
||
|
|
scene.eventSystem.off('ui_update', this.listenerId);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
### 5. 性能考虑
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```typescript
|
||
|
|
class OptimizedEventHandler {
|
||
|
|
protected onInitialize(): void {
|
||
|
|
// 对于高频事件，使用批处理
|
||
|
|
this.scene?.eventSystem.setBatchConfig('movement_update', {
|
||
|
|
batchSize: 100,
|
||
|
|
delay: 16,
|
||
|
|
enabled: true
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// 对于低频但重要的事件，使用高优先级
|
||
|
|
this.addEventListener('game_over', this.onGameOver.bind(this), {
|
||
|
|
priority: 1000
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// 对于一次性事件，使用 once
|
||
|
|
this.addEventListener('level_start', this.onLevelStart.bind(this), {
|
||
|
|
once: true
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
事件系统是 ECS 框架中实现松耦合架构的重要工具，正确使用事件系统能让你的游戏代码更加模块化、可维护和可扩展。
|