541 lines
12 KiB
TypeScript
541 lines
12 KiB
TypeScript
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/**
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* 2D向量类
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*
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* 提供完整的2D向量运算功能,包括:
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* - 基础运算(加减乘除)
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* - 向量运算(点积、叉积、归一化)
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* - 几何运算(距离、角度、投影)
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* - 变换操作(旋转、反射、插值)
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*/
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export class Vector2 {
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/** X分量 */
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public x: number;
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/** Y分量 */
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public y: number;
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/**
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* 创建2D向量
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* @param x X分量,默认为0
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* @param y Y分量,默认为0
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*/
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constructor(x: number = 0, y: number = 0) {
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this.x = x;
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this.y = y;
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}
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// 静态常量
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/** 零向量 (0, 0) */
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static readonly ZERO = new Vector2(0, 0);
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/** 单位向量 (1, 1) */
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static readonly ONE = new Vector2(1, 1);
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/** 右方向向量 (1, 0) */
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static readonly RIGHT = new Vector2(1, 0);
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/** 左方向向量 (-1, 0) */
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static readonly LEFT = new Vector2(-1, 0);
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/** 上方向向量 (0, 1) */
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static readonly UP = new Vector2(0, 1);
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/** 下方向向量 (0, -1) */
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static readonly DOWN = new Vector2(0, -1);
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// 基础属性
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/**
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* 获取向量长度(模)
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*/
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get length(): number {
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return Math.sqrt(this.x * this.x + this.y * this.y);
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}
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/**
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* 获取向量长度的平方
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*/
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get lengthSquared(): number {
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return this.x * this.x + this.y * this.y;
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}
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/**
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* 获取向量角度(弧度)
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*/
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get angle(): number {
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return Math.atan2(this.y, this.x);
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}
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/**
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* 检查是否为零向量
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*/
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get isZero(): boolean {
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return this.x === 0 && this.y === 0;
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}
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/**
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* 检查是否为单位向量
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*/
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get isUnit(): boolean {
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const lenSq = this.lengthSquared;
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return Math.abs(lenSq - 1) < Number.EPSILON;
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}
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// 基础运算
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/**
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* 设置向量分量
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* @param x X分量
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* @param y Y分量
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
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*/
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set(x: number, y: number): this {
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this.x = x;
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this.y = y;
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return this;
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}
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/**
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* 复制另一个向量的值
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* @param other 源向量
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
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*/
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copy(other: Vector2): this {
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this.x = other.x;
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this.y = other.y;
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return this;
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}
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/**
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* 克隆当前向量
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* @returns 新的向量实例
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*/
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clone(): Vector2 {
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return new Vector2(this.x, this.y);
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}
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/**
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* 向量加法
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* @param other 另一个向量
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
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*/
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add(other: Vector2): this {
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this.x += other.x;
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this.y += other.y;
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return this;
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}
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/**
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* 向量减法
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* @param other 另一个向量
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
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*/
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subtract(other: Vector2): this {
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this.x -= other.x;
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this.y -= other.y;
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return this;
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}
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/**
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* 向量数乘
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* @param scalar 标量
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
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*/
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multiply(scalar: number): this {
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this.x *= scalar;
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this.y *= scalar;
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return this;
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}
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/**
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* 向量数除
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* @param scalar 标量
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
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*/
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divide(scalar: number): this {
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if (scalar === 0) {
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throw new Error('不能除以零');
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}
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this.x /= scalar;
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this.y /= scalar;
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return this;
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}
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/**
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* 向量取反
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
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*/
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negate(): this {
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this.x = -this.x;
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this.y = -this.y;
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return this;
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}
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// 向量运算
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/**
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* 计算与另一个向量的点积
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* @param other 另一个向量
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* @returns 点积值
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*/
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dot(other: Vector2): number {
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return this.x * other.x + this.y * other.y;
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}
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/**
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* 计算与另一个向量的叉积(2D中返回标量)
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* @param other 另一个向量
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* @returns 叉积值
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*/
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cross(other: Vector2): number {
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return this.x * other.y - this.y * other.x;
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}
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/**
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* 向量归一化(转换为单位向量)
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
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*/
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normalize(): this {
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const len = this.length;
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if (len === 0) {
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return this;
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}
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return this.divide(len);
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}
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/**
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* 获取归一化后的向量(不修改原向量)
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* @returns 新的单位向量
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*/
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normalized(): Vector2 {
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return this.clone().normalize();
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}
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// 几何运算
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/**
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* 计算到另一个向量的距离
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* @param other 另一个向量
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* @returns 距离值
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*/
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distanceTo(other: Vector2): number {
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const dx = this.x - other.x;
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const dy = this.y - other.y;
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return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
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}
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/**
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* 计算到另一个向量的距离平方
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* @param other 另一个向量
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* @returns 距离平方值
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*/
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distanceToSquared(other: Vector2): number {
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const dx = this.x - other.x;
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const dy = this.y - other.y;
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return dx * dx + dy * dy;
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}
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/**
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* 计算与另一个向量的夹角(弧度)
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* @param other 另一个向量
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* @returns 夹角(0到π)
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*/
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angleTo(other: Vector2): number {
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const dot = this.dot(other);
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const lenProduct = this.length * other.length;
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if (lenProduct === 0) return 0;
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return Math.acos(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, dot / lenProduct)));
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}
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/**
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* 计算向量在另一个向量上的投影
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* @param onto 投影目标向量
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* @returns 新的投影向量
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*/
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projectOnto(onto: Vector2): Vector2 {
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const dot = this.dot(onto);
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const lenSq = onto.lengthSquared;
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if (lenSq === 0) return new Vector2();
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return onto.clone().multiply(dot / lenSq);
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}
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/**
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* 计算向量在另一个向量上的投影长度
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* @param onto 投影目标向量
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* @returns 投影长度(带符号)
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*/
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projectOntoLength(onto: Vector2): number {
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const len = onto.length;
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if (len === 0) return 0;
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return this.dot(onto) / len;
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}
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/**
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* 获取垂直向量(逆时针旋转90度)
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* @returns 新的垂直向量
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*/
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perpendicular(): Vector2 {
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return new Vector2(-this.y, this.x);
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}
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// 变换操作
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/**
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* 向量旋转
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* @param angle 旋转角度(弧度)
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
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*/
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rotate(angle: number): this {
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const cos = Math.cos(angle);
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const sin = Math.sin(angle);
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const x = this.x * cos - this.y * sin;
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const y = this.x * sin + this.y * cos;
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this.x = x;
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this.y = y;
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return this;
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}
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/**
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* 获取旋转后的向量(不修改原向量)
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* @param angle 旋转角度(弧度)
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* @returns 新的旋转后向量
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*/
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rotated(angle: number): Vector2 {
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return this.clone().rotate(angle);
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}
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/**
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* 围绕一个点旋转
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* @param center 旋转中心点
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* @param angle 旋转角度(弧度)
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
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*/
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rotateAround(center: Vector2, angle: number): this {
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return this.subtract(center).rotate(angle).add(center);
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}
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/**
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* 反射向量(关于法线)
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* @param normal 法线向量(应为单位向量)
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
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|||
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*/
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reflect(normal: Vector2): this {
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const dot = this.dot(normal);
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this.x -= 2 * dot * normal.x;
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this.y -= 2 * dot * normal.y;
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return this;
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}
|
|||
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|||
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/**
|
|||
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* 获取反射后的向量(不修改原向量)
|
|||
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* @param normal 法线向量(应为单位向量)
|
|||
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* @returns 新的反射向量
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|||
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*/
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|||
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reflected(normal: Vector2): Vector2 {
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|||
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return this.clone().reflect(normal);
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}
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|||
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|||
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// 插值和限制
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|||
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|||
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/**
|
|||
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* 线性插值
|
|||
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* @param target 目标向量
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|||
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* @param t 插值参数(0到1)
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|||
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
|
|||
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*/
|
|||
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lerp(target: Vector2, t: number): this {
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this.x += (target.x - this.x) * t;
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|||
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this.y += (target.y - this.y) * t;
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return this;
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|||
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}
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|||
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|||
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/**
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|||
|
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* 限制向量长度
|
|||
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* @param maxLength 最大长度
|
|||
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* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
|
|||
|
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*/
|
|||
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clampLength(maxLength: number): this {
|
|||
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const lenSq = this.lengthSquared;
|
|||
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if (lenSq > maxLength * maxLength) {
|
|||
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return this.normalize().multiply(maxLength);
|
|||
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}
|
|||
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return this;
|
|||
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}
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 限制向量分量
|
|||
|
|
* @param min 最小值向量
|
|||
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|
* @param max 最大值向量
|
|||
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|
* @returns 当前向量实例(链式调用)
|
|||
|
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*/
|
|||
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clamp(min: Vector2, max: Vector2): this {
|
|||
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this.x = Math.max(min.x, Math.min(max.x, this.x));
|
|||
|
|
this.y = Math.max(min.y, Math.min(max.y, this.y));
|
|||
|
|
return this;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 比较操作
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 检查两个向量是否相等
|
|||
|
|
* @param other 另一个向量
|
|||
|
|
* @param epsilon 容差,默认为Number.EPSILON
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 是否相等
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
equals(other: Vector2, epsilon: number = Number.EPSILON): boolean {
|
|||
|
|
return Math.abs(this.x - other.x) < epsilon &&
|
|||
|
|
Math.abs(this.y - other.y) < epsilon;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 检查两个向量是否完全相等
|
|||
|
|
* @param other 另一个向量
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 是否完全相等
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
exactEquals(other: Vector2): boolean {
|
|||
|
|
return this.x === other.x && this.y === other.y;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 静态方法
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 向量加法(静态方法)
|
|||
|
|
* @param a 向量a
|
|||
|
|
* @param b 向量b
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 新的结果向量
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
static add(a: Vector2, b: Vector2): Vector2 {
|
|||
|
|
return new Vector2(a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 向量减法(静态方法)
|
|||
|
|
* @param a 向量a
|
|||
|
|
* @param b 向量b
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 新的结果向量
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
static subtract(a: Vector2, b: Vector2): Vector2 {
|
|||
|
|
return new Vector2(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 向量数乘(静态方法)
|
|||
|
|
* @param vector 向量
|
|||
|
|
* @param scalar 标量
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 新的结果向量
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
static multiply(vector: Vector2, scalar: number): Vector2 {
|
|||
|
|
return new Vector2(vector.x * scalar, vector.y * scalar);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 向量点积(静态方法)
|
|||
|
|
* @param a 向量a
|
|||
|
|
* @param b 向量b
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 点积值
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
static dot(a: Vector2, b: Vector2): number {
|
|||
|
|
return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 向量叉积(静态方法)
|
|||
|
|
* @param a 向量a
|
|||
|
|
* @param b 向量b
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 叉积值
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
static cross(a: Vector2, b: Vector2): number {
|
|||
|
|
return a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 计算两点间距离(静态方法)
|
|||
|
|
* @param a 点a
|
|||
|
|
* @param b 点b
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 距离值
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
static distance(a: Vector2, b: Vector2): number {
|
|||
|
|
const dx = a.x - b.x;
|
|||
|
|
const dy = a.y - b.y;
|
|||
|
|
return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 线性插值(静态方法)
|
|||
|
|
* @param a 起始向量
|
|||
|
|
* @param b 目标向量
|
|||
|
|
* @param t 插值参数(0到1)
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 新的插值结果向量
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
static lerp(a: Vector2, b: Vector2, t: number): Vector2 {
|
|||
|
|
return new Vector2(
|
|||
|
|
a.x + (b.x - a.x) * t,
|
|||
|
|
a.y + (b.y - a.y) * t
|
|||
|
|
);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 从角度创建单位向量(静态方法)
|
|||
|
|
* @param angle 角度(弧度)
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 新的单位向量
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
static fromAngle(angle: number): Vector2 {
|
|||
|
|
return new Vector2(Math.cos(angle), Math.sin(angle));
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 从极坐标创建向量(静态方法)
|
|||
|
|
* @param length 长度
|
|||
|
|
* @param angle 角度(弧度)
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 新的向量
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
static fromPolar(length: number, angle: number): Vector2 {
|
|||
|
|
return new Vector2(length * Math.cos(angle), length * Math.sin(angle));
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 获取两个向量中的最小分量向量(静态方法)
|
|||
|
|
* @param a 向量a
|
|||
|
|
* @param b 向量b
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 新的最小分量向量
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
static min(a: Vector2, b: Vector2): Vector2 {
|
|||
|
|
return new Vector2(Math.min(a.x, b.x), Math.min(a.y, b.y));
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 获取两个向量中的最大分量向量(静态方法)
|
|||
|
|
* @param a 向量a
|
|||
|
|
* @param b 向量b
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 新的最大分量向量
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
static max(a: Vector2, b: Vector2): Vector2 {
|
|||
|
|
return new Vector2(Math.max(a.x, b.x), Math.max(a.y, b.y));
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 字符串转换
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 转换为字符串
|
|||
|
|
* @returns 字符串表示
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
toString(): string {
|
|||
|
|
return `Vector2(${this.x.toFixed(3)}, ${this.y.toFixed(3)})`;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 转换为数组
|
|||
|
|
* @returns [x, y] 数组
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
toArray(): [number, number] {
|
|||
|
|
return [this.x, this.y];
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/**
|
|||
|
|
* 转换为普通对象
|
|||
|
|
* @returns {x, y} 对象
|
|||
|
|
*/
|
|||
|
|
toObject(): { x: number; y: number } {
|
|||
|
|
return { x: this.x, y: this.y };
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|